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Making Paper
The Process
Although there are many subtleties which affect the quality of a paper, papermaking in essence is a simple process. Whether using recycled materials or fresh organic matter, the process starts by shredding the material into small strips and soaking them overnight to loosen the fibres. Next, the fibres are boiled for 2-6 hours, being turned every so often. When finished, the fibres are washed with fresh water to remove impurities and then small particles or specks are removed by hand.
Making Paper by Hand
The fibres are beaten in a blender or by hand to a creamy pulp. At this stage, dyes can be added to create coloured papers. The pulp is poured into a large tub and the fibres are suspended in the water. The artisan dips a framed screen into the water and with great skill, lifts it to the surface catching the fibres onto the screen. The screens can either be left in the sun to dry, or be transferred to boards, pressed, smoothed and then dried.
The Possibilities
Papers made in this tradition are durable, flexible and extremely versatile. They can be used by anyone for gift-wrapping, writing, drawing and painting. They are also used by craft-makers to produce books and binding, stationery and greeting cards, boxes, picture frames and so on. Paper also has many applications in architecture and interior design, such as wallpaper, screens, blinds and lampshades. By using techniques such as moulding and papier-mache one can make almost anything - vases, trays, jewellery, furniture and utilitarian products such as cartons and packaging. In fact, paper is such a versatile medium, its uses are only limited to the imagination... So Dream On!
The history of paper dates back almost 2,000 years to when inventors in China first crafted cloth sheets to record their drawings and writings. Before then, people communicated through pictures and symbols etched on stone, bones, cave walls, or clay tablets.
paper_historyPaper as we know it today was first made in Lei-Yang, China by Ts'ai Lun, a Chinese court official. In all likelihood, Ts'ai mixed mulberry bark, hemp and rags with water, mashed it into pulp, pressed out the liquid, and hung the thin mat to dry in the sun. During the 8th century, Muslims (from the region that is now Syria, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq) learned the Chinese secret of papermaking when they captured a Chinese paper mill. Later, when the Muslims invaded Europe, they brought this secret with them. The first paper mill was built in Spain, and soon, paper was being made at mills all across Europe. Over the next 800 years, paper was used for printing important books, bibles, and legal documents. England began making large supplies of paper in the late 15th century and supplied the colonies with paper for many years. Finally, in 1690, the first U.S. paper mill was built in Pennsylvania.
At first, American paper mills used the Chinese method of shredding old rags and clothes into individual fibers to make paper. As the demand for paper grew, the mills changed used fiber from trees because wood was less expensive and more abundant than cloth.
Today, paper is made from trees mostly grown on working forests and from recovered paper. Recycling has always been a part of papermaking. When you recycle your used paper, paper mills will use it to make new newspapers, notebook paper, paper grocery bags, corrugated boxes, envelopes, magazines, cartons, and other paper products.
Besides using recovered paper and trees to make paper, paper mills may also use wood chips and sawdust left over from lumber operations (whose products are used to make houses, furniture, and other things). Today, more than 36 percent of the fiber used to make new paper products in the United States comes from recycled sources.
3d Islamic Wallpapers Islamic Wallpaper Hd Quotes desktop for Mobile free download for facebook hd 1080p 3d Desktop Background
3d Islamic Wallpapers Islamic Wallpaper Hd Quotes desktop for Mobile free download for facebook hd 1080p 3d Desktop Background
3d Islamic Wallpapers Islamic Wallpaper Hd Quotes desktop for Mobile free download for facebook hd 1080p 3d Desktop Background
3d Islamic Wallpapers Islamic Wallpaper Hd Quotes desktop for Mobile free download for facebook hd 1080p 3d Desktop Background
3d Islamic Wallpapers Islamic Wallpaper Hd Quotes desktop for Mobile free download for facebook hd 1080p 3d Desktop Background
3d Islamic Wallpapers Islamic Wallpaper Hd Quotes desktop for Mobile free download for facebook hd 1080p 3d Desktop Background
3d Islamic Wallpapers Islamic Wallpaper Hd Quotes desktop for Mobile free download for facebook hd 1080p 3d Desktop Background
3d Islamic Wallpapers Islamic Wallpaper Hd Quotes desktop for Mobile free download for facebook hd 1080p 3d Desktop Background
3d Islamic Wallpapers Islamic Wallpaper Hd Quotes desktop for Mobile free download for facebook hd 1080p 3d Desktop Background
3d Islamic Wallpapers Islamic Wallpaper Hd Quotes desktop for Mobile free download for facebook hd 1080p 3d Desktop Background
3d Islamic Wallpapers Islamic Wallpaper Hd Quotes desktop for Mobile free download for facebook hd 1080p 3d Desktop Background
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