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One of the most important obligations in Islam is for
parents to love and nurture their children.
Children have the right to be protected, and the right to learn how to
worship and obey God. As previously discussed
children’s rights come into play even before their conception and birth and God
warns humankind to protect themselves and their families from the torment of
the fire.
“O you who believe! Ward off yourselves and your families
against a Fire (Hell) …” (Quran 66:6)
The birth of a child, male or female, is a cause for great
celebration. In Islam there is certain
etiquette involved in welcoming the child into the family and community. There are a number of recommended rituals from the authentic
traditions of Prophet Muhammad, may God praise him, that are to be done that
ensure the newborn is received properly by the Muslim society. However, the absence of any or all of these
recommended actions does not negate any children’s rights in Islam.
It is recommended that the parents or caregivers do tahneek
and pray for the newborn child. Tahneek
means putting something sweet such as dates or honey into the child’s
mouth. One of Prophet Muhammad’s
companions, Abu Musa, may God be pleased with him, said, “I had a baby boy and
I brought him to the Prophet. He named
him Ibrahem, did tahneek with a date and prayed for God to bless him, then he
gave him back to me.”[1]
Noted Islamic scholar Imam an Nawawi said that it is
recommended to dotahneek with dates for the child when he is born; if that is
not possible then to use some similar kind of sweet. The date should be chewed
until it becomes soft enough for the baby to suck on it with ease.
The words of the call to prayer are often recited softly
into the new born baby’s right ear soon after birth. The first thing the child hears in this
world, are the words of submission to One God.
It was reported that one of Prophet Muhammad’s companions saw him say
the call to prayer in the right ear of one of his newborn grandsons.[2] The newborn child is entitled to a good
name. Names are important; a person’s
name conveys meaning and becomes a symbol of that person. It is recommended that the child be named on
the seventh day after his or her birth, however Islamic scholar Ibn al Qayyim
said the matter was “wide in scope” and that it was permissible to name the
child after birth, or on the seventh day
or at any time before or after those days.[3]
It is usual for the
father to name the child however scholars recommend that parents choose the
name together. More important is that
the child should be given a good name, such as ‘Abd-Allah or ‘Abd al-Rahmaan.
Prophet Muhammad, may God praise him, said
“The most beloved of your names to God are ‘Abd-Allaah (slave of God)
and ‘Abd al-Rahmaan. (slave of the Most Merciful)”[4] It is also recommended that the child be
named after Prophets, or righteous predecessors. Prophet Muhammad named his own son Ibrahim
after Prophet Ibrahim. He said, “A child was born to me last night and I
called him by the name of my father Ibrahim.”[5]
It is forbidden to use names that belong only to God, such
as al-Khaaliq (the Creator) and al-Quddoos (the Most Holy), or names which are
not befitting for anyone other than God, such as Malik al-Mulook (King of
Kings). It is also forbidden to use
names that imply enslavement to any one or anything but God, such as ‘Abd
al-‘Uzza (slave of al-Uzza – a pagan goddess), Abd al-Kabah (slave of the
Kabah), Abd al-Daar (slave of the House).
It is disliked to use
names that have bad or distasteful meanings, or which sound odd, or would cause
others to mock a person, or cause him embarrassment. It is also better not to use names that are
associated with sinners or tyrants. Some
scholars also dislike naming children after angels or the names of chapters of
Quran. Names have meanings and implied meanings and these meanings will have an
effect on the child for good or for bad.
Parents must take great care when choosing an appropriate name for their
newborn child.
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