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Spread of Papermaking
A Million Prayers
It wasn't until the 3rd century that the secret art of papermaking began to creep out of China, first to Vietnam and then Tibet. It was introduced in Korea in the 4th century and spread to Japan in 6th.
The Million Pagoda Dharani
There, during the 8th century, the Empress Shotuka undertook a massive project consisting of printing a million prayers - dharani - on individual sheets of paper, with each mounted in its own pagoda. With such a profound inception, it is not surprising that the fine art of papermaking has continued in Japan to this day, garnering deep appreciation and ever increasing sophistication.
The Journey to the West
Papermaking spread slowly throughout Asia to Nepal and later to India. It made its true push westward in 751AD when the Tang Dynasty was at war with the Islamic world. During a battle on the banks of the Tarus river, Islamic warriors captured a Chinese caravan which happened to include several papermakers. They spirited them away to Samarkand, which soon became a great centre for paper production.
The Migration of Papermaking Technology
Gradually papermakers made their way further west through the Muslim world - to Baghdad, Damascus and Cairo. Finally, when the Moors from North Africa invaded Spain and Portugal they brought the technology with them and so it was that papermaking entered Europe in the 12th century.
Spreading the Word
In Europe, the use of papyrus had dropped out in the 9th century. The preferred medium for the artists and literati of the time was the smooth and lustrous parchment. However, parchment - made from animal skin - was extremely expensive. In fact, it has been estimated that a single bible hand written on parchment required the skins of 300 sheep. The notion of paper being used as a practical everyday item did not occur until the 15th Century. When Johann Gutenburg perfected movable type and printed his famous bible in 1456, he not only spread the word of Christianity, but also sparked a revolution in mass communication. The birth of the modern paper and printing industry is commonly marked from this date.
Paper Becomes an Industry
The Age of Experimentation
Printing technology rapidly developed and created an ever increasing demand for paper. The early European papers were made from recycled cotton and linen - and a huge trade quickly developed around the trading of old rags. It is said that the black plague entered England from Europe on these old rags. Yet soon this source became insufficient and some curious attempts were made to source new materials - the most macabre of which was the recycling of Egyptian mummies to create wrapping paper! Others experimented with fibres such as straw, cabbage, wasp nests and finally wood, resulted in inexpensive - and replaceable - materials for paper making. Today, the long soft fibres of softwoods such as spruce have become the most suitable source of pulp for mass production.
Pc Wallpaper Download Islamic Wallpaper Hd Quotes desktop for Mobile free download for facebook hd 1080p 3d Desktop Background
Pc Wallpaper Download Islamic Wallpaper Hd Quotes desktop for Mobile free download for facebook hd 1080p 3d Desktop Background
Pc Wallpaper Download Islamic Wallpaper Hd Quotes desktop for Mobile free download for facebook hd 1080p 3d Desktop Background
Pc Wallpaper Download Islamic Wallpaper Hd Quotes desktop for Mobile free download for facebook hd 1080p 3d Desktop Background
Pc Wallpaper Download Islamic Wallpaper Hd Quotes desktop for Mobile free download for facebook hd 1080p 3d Desktop Background
Pc Wallpaper Download Islamic Wallpaper Hd Quotes desktop for Mobile free download for facebook hd 1080p 3d Desktop Background
Pc Wallpaper Download Islamic Wallpaper Hd Quotes desktop for Mobile free download for facebook hd 1080p 3d Desktop Background
Pc Wallpaper Download Islamic Wallpaper Hd Quotes desktop for Mobile free download for facebook hd 1080p 3d Desktop Background
Pc Wallpaper Download Islamic Wallpaper Hd Quotes desktop for Mobile free download for facebook hd 1080p 3d Desktop Background
Pc Wallpaper Download Islamic Wallpaper Hd Quotes desktop for Mobile free download for facebook hd 1080p 3d Desktop Background
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