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The Five Pillars Of Islam
Islam has five primary obligations, or pillars of faith, that each Muslim must fulfill in his or her lifetime. They are as follows:
Shahadah, profession of faith, is the first pillar of Islam.
Muslims bear witness to the oneness of God by reciting the creed "There is
no God but God and Muhammad is the Messenger of God." This simple yet
profound statement expresses a Muslim's complete acceptance of and total
commitment to Islam.
Salat is the name for the obligatory prayers which are
performed five times a day, and are a direct link between the worshipper and
God. There is no hierarchical authority in Islam, and no priests, so the
prayers are led by a learned person who knows the Quran, chosen by the
congregation. These five prayers contain verses from the Quran, and are said in
Arabic, the language of the Revelation, but personal supplication can be
offered in one's own language. Because shalat is transliterated from arabic
word, so it has multiple english spellings such as salat, salah, sholat, sholah
or shalah.Some peoples also called shalat as namaz
Salah, prayer, is the second pillar. The Islamic faith is
based on the belief that individuals have a direct relationship with God. The
world's Muslims turn individually and collectively to Makkah, Islam's holiest
city, to offer five daily prayers at dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset and
evening. In addition, Friday congregational service is also required. Although
salah can he performed alone, it is meritorious to perform it with another or
with a group. It is permissible to pray at home, at work, or even outdoors;
however it is recommended that Muslims perform salah in a mosque.
Zakat, almsgiving, is the third pillar. Social responsibility
is considered part of one's service to God; the obligatory act of zakat
enshrines this duty. Zakat prescribes payment of fixed proportions of a
Muslim's possessions for the welfare of the entire community and in particular
for its neediest members. It is equal to 2.5 percent of an individual's total
net worth, excluding obligations and family expenses.
Sawm, fasting during the holy month of Ramadan, is the
fourth pillar of Islam. Ordained in the Holy Qur'an, the fast is an act of deep
personal worship in which Muslims seek a richer perception of God. Fasting is
also an exercise in self-control whereby one's sensitivity is heightened to the
sufferings of the poor. Ramadan, the month during which the Holy Qur'an was
revealed to the Prophet Muhammad, begins with the sighting of the new moon,
after which abstention from eating, drinking and other sensual pleasures is
obligatory from dawn to sunset. Ramadanis also a joyful month. Muslims break
their fast at sunset with a special meal, iftar, perform additional nocturnal
worship, tarawih, after evening prayer; and throng the streets in moods that
are festive and communal. The end of Ramadan is observed by three days of
celebration called Eid Al-Fitr, the feast of the breaking of the fast.
Customarily, it is a time for family reunion and the favored holiday for
children who receive new clothing and gifts.
Hajj, the pilgrimage to Makkah, is the fifth pillar and the
most significant manifestation of Islamic faith and unity in the world. For
those Muslims who are physically and financially able to make the journey to
Makkah, the Hajj is a once in a lifetime duty that is the peak of their
religious life. The Hajj is a remarkable spiritual gathering of over two
million Muslims from all over the world to the holy city. In performing the
Hajj, a pilgrim follows the order of ritual that the Prophet Muhammad performed
during his last pilgrimage.
The five pillars of Islam define the basic identity of
Muslims - their faith, beliefs and practices - and bind together a worldwide
community of believers into a fellowship of shared values and concerns.
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