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Times of Obligatory Prayers
• Early
morning: after dawn and before sunrise.
• Noon:
after the sun begins to decline from its zenith until it is about midway on its
course to setting.
• Mid-Afternoon:
after the expiration of the noon prayer until sunset.
• Sunset:
immediately after sunset until the red glow in the western horizon disappears.
• Evening:
after the expiration of the sunset prayer until dawn.
Prayers should be offered in their due times, unless there
is a reasonable excuse. Delayed obligatory prayers must be made up.
Prayers involve prescribed physical motions, accompanied
with saying mainly some parts of the Quran.
In addition to the prescribed prayers, a Muslim expresses
gratitude to God and appreciation of His favors and asks for His mercy all the
time. Especially at times of, for example: Childbirth, marriage, going to or
rising from bed, leaving and returning to his home, starting a journey or
entering a city, riding or driving, before or after eating or drinking,
harvesting, visiting graveyards and at time of distress and sickness.
2. Fasting
Fasting is abstaining completely from eating, drinking,
intimate sexual contact and smoking from the break of dawn until sunset.
It is a matchless Islamic institution which teaches man the
principle of sincere love to God.
Fasting teaches man a creative sense of hope, devotion,
patience, unselfishness, moderation, willpower, wise savings, sound budgeting,
mature adaptability, healthy survival, discipline, spirit of social belonging,
unity and brotherhood.
Obligatory Fasting is done once a year for the period of the
month of Ramadan; the ninth month of the Islamic year.
Recommended Fasting every Monday and Thursday of every week,
three days in the middle of each Islamic month, six days after Ramadan
following the Feast Day and a few days of the two months before Ramadan.
Fasting of Ramadan is a worship act which is obligatory on
every adult Muslim, male or female if he/she is mentally and physically fit and
not on a journey. Exceptions: women during their period of menstruation and
while nursing a child and also in the cases of travel and illness.
3. Charity Giving (Zakah)
It is an act of worship and spiritual investment. The literal
meaning of Zakah is purity and it refers to the annual amount in kind or coin
which a Muslim with means must distribute among the rightful beneficiaries.
Zakah does not only purify the property of the contributor
but also purifies his heart from selfishness and greed.
It also purifies the heart of the recipient from envy and
jealousy, from hatred and uneasiness and it fosters instead good-will and warm
wishes for the contributors.
Zakah has a deep humanitarian and social-political value;
for example, it frees society from class warfare, from ill feelings and
distrust and from corruption.
Although Islam does not hinder private enterprise or condemn
private possessions, it does not tolerate selfish and greedy capitalism.
Islam adopts a moderate but positive and effective course
between individual and society, between the citizen and the state, between
capitalism and socialism, between materialism and spiritualism.
Every Muslim, male or female, who at the end of the year is
in possession of the equivalent of (85 gm) of gold or more in cash or articles
of trade, must give Zakah at the minimum rate of 2.5%
Zakah is paid on the net balance after paying personal
expenses, family expenses, due credits, taxes, etc.
The recipients of Zakah are: the poor, the needy, the new
Muslim converts, the Muslim prisoners of war (to liberate them), Muslims in
debt, also employees appointed to collect Zakah, Muslims in service of research
or study or propagation of Islam, wayfarers who are foreigners in need of help.
Taxes paid to the government do not substitute for this
religious duty. Contributor should not seek pride or fame, but if disclosing
his name and his contribution is likely to encourage others, it is acceptable
to do so.
4. The Pilgrimage (Hajj)
It is a pilgrimage to Mecca, at least once in a lifetime and
it is obligatory upon every Muslim male and female who is mentally, physically
and financially fit.
It is the largest annual convention of faith on earth.
Peace is the dominant theme. Peace with God, with one's
soul, with one another, with all living creatures. To disturb the peace of
anyone or any creature in any shape or form is strictly prohibited.
Muslims from all walks of life, from every corner of the
globe assemble in Mecca in response to the call of God. There is no royalty but
loyalty of all to God, the creator.
It is to commemorate the Divine rituals observed by Prophet
Abraham and his son, Ishmael, who are the first pilgrims to the first house of
God on earth; the Ka'bah.
It is to remember the grand assembly of the Day of Judgement
when people will stand equal before God.
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